1. Biochemical and physiological traits of strawberry as influenced by organic acids and deficit irrigation under colored netting

خواص بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیک توت فرنگی تحت تاثیر اسیدهای آلی و کم آبیاری  و توری رنگی

Zahra Narouei, Shahram Sedaghathoor, Behzad Kaviani, Mohammad Hossein Ansari

To improve strawberry fruit quantity and quality, the effects of colored netting and foliar application of amino acids and humic acid were studied on the physiological traits of strawberries exposed to different irrigation frequencies in a factorial experiment in a greenhouse of the Lahijan Agricultural Research Station, Iran. The studied factors were colored nets at four levels (no netting, green netting, red netting, yellow netting), organic acids at four levels (water as the control, humic acid, glutamine, arginine), and irrigation at three levels (irrigation intervals of 2 d, 4 d and 6 d). The highest phenolics content, antioxidant capacity, total soluble solids, taste index and membrane stability index (MSI) were obtained using colored netting. Among the organic acid treatments, the plants treated with humic acid had the highest proline content (mean±SD; 0.82±0.07 mM/L) and MSI (79.89±2.1%) and those treated with glutamine had the highest yield (14.48±1.44 g/plant) and stability index (79.91±2.11%). The irrigation intervals of 2d and 4 d had an optimal effect on the studied traits compared to 6 d. The results on the three-way interaction effects of the trial factors revealed that ‘green netting× glutamine× 4 days’ produced the highest fruit yield (40.80±2.41 g/plant),‘no netting× humic acid× 6 days’ was related to the highest antioxidant capacity (84.39±4.23% of 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl),‘no netting× control× 4 days’ was related to the highest peroxidase content (0.085±0.003 units) and ‘red netting× control× 4 days’ and ‘red netting× humic acid× 2 days’ were related to the highest fruit protein content.

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2. Effect of salicylic acid and progesterone on physiological characteristics of Kentucky bluegrass under salinity stress

اثر سالیسیلیک اسید و پروژسترون بر صفات فیزیولوژیک چمن بلوکنتاکی تحت شرایط تنش شوری

Elham Sabzmeydani, Shahram Sedaghathoor, Davood Hashemabadi

Salinity is one of the most important limiting factors in plant growth. It is also a predominant constraint that impairs grass growth and quality. Plant hormones play important roles in the capability of plants to adapt to environmental stresses. Hence, the impact of two plant growth regulators (PGRs) ie salicylic acid (SA) and progesterone (P4) was studied on biological characteristics of Poa pratensis in saline conditions in a greenhouse experiment. The experimental treatments were composed of salinity at four levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 dS m-1) and six levels of PGRs (control, 1 mg L-1 P4, 10 mg L-1 P4, 1 mM SA, 3 mM SA, and 1 mg L-1 P4+ 1 mM SA). The results showed that leaf firing percentage was increased with the excess in salinity, but the use of SA and P4 eased the effects of salinity stress and reduced leaf firing under salinity. 6 dS m-1 and 3 mM SA salinity caused to the maximum electrolyte leakage. The highest relative water content was observed in 4 dS m-1 salinity and 1 mM SA treatment. The highest glycine betaine was related to 6 dS m-1 NaCl and no hormone application. Salinity increased total protein and catalase, and the simultaneous use of P4 and SA exhibited the highest total protein and catalase content, whilst the control plants showed the lowest ones. The application of salinity stress reduced chlorophyll content, but SA and P4 increased it. The application of the two growth regulators improved carotenoid content under salinity stress. Overall, the results showed that the application of SA and P4 improved salinity tolerance and increased pigments and antioxidant enzyme activities.

Keywords: lawn; ascorbate peroxidase; reactive oxygen; carotenoid.

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3. Physiological and morphological traits of tulip (Tulipa sp.) as affected by different concentrations of ethanol and methanol

صفات فیزیولوژیک و مورفورلوژیک لاله تحت تاثیر غلظتهای مختلف اتانل و متانل

Sajedeh Ramazannejad, Shahram Sedaghathoor

Tulip (Tulipa sp.) is of the highest economic importance and cultivated area among all bulbous ornamental species. The spray of alcohol is regarded as a proper strategy to improve plant yields in sustainable agriculture systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different rates of ethanol and methanol on the traits of the tulip in a factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors including ethanol at four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 vol%) and methanol at four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 vol%). The estimated traits included anthocyanin, carotenoid, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, stem and leaf Brix index, leaf length and width, leaf area, total and bulb fresh and dry weight, leaf number, and flowering stalk length. Analysis of variance showed that the simple and interactive effects of different treatments were statistically significant on most estimated traits. The highest anthocyanin content (3.92 mg 100 g-1 DM), leaf length (25.83 cm), leaf area (258.6 cm2), and bulb fresh weight (25.81 g) were obtained from the plants treated with 30% ethanol, and the highest anthocyanin content (3.45 mg 100 g-1 DM) and leaf Brix index (10.15%) were related to 30% methanol. It can be concluded from the results that methanol and ethanol can be used as plant growth regulators.

Keywords: anthocyanin; carotenoid; ethyl alcohol; methyl alcohol

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4. Effect of foliar application of amino acid, humic acid and fulvic acid on the oil content and quality of olive

اثر محلولپاشی اسید آمینه، اسید هیومیک و اسید فولویک بر مقدار روغن و کیفیت زیتون

Mohsen Miri Nargesi, Shahram Sedaghathoor, Davood Hashemabadi

Olives are evergreen trees with a low growth rate that are cultivated in semi-tropical climates. The biochemical properties of three olive cultivars were explored under the foliar application of amino and organic acids in a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Rudbar County, Iran. The first factor was assigned to olive cultivar (‘Zard’, ‘Arbequina’, and ‘Manzanilla’) and the second factor to the foliar application of organic acids at 9 levels of control, arginine, glutamine, humic acid, fulvic acid, arginine + humic acid, arginine + fulvic acid, glutamine + humic acid, and glutamine + fulvic acid. The recorded traits included the Brix value, content of oil, protein, chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanins, phenols, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The Results showed that cv. ‘Zard’ had the highest Brix value, fruit protein content, carotenoid, anthocyanins, and phenols, and cv. ‘Arbequina’ had the highest oil fraction. The Results of the simple effects of organic acids revealed that the trees treated with arginine + humic acid had the highest fruit protein content and total chlorophyll, and those treated with humic acid had the highest anthocyanin and phenol contents. Data on the interaction of ‘cultivar × organic acids’ showed that ‘Arbequina × glutamine’ had the highest oil content, ‘Manzanilla × fulvic acid’ and ‘Manzanilla × glutamine + fulvic acid’ had the highest fruit protein content, ‘Zard × humic acid’ had the highest phenol content, ‘Arbequina × arginine’ had the highest superoxide dismutase activity, and ‘Arbequina × glutamine + fulvic acid’ had the highest peroxidase activity. Finally, it can be concluded that Arbequina cultivar produced the most oil when foliar sprayed with glutamine.

Keywords: Anthocyanin, Antioxidant capacity, Oil content, Olea, Phenol

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5. The Response of Three Mandarin Cultivars Grafted on Sour Orange Rootstock to Salinity Stress

6. اثر بسترهای مختلف کشت حاوی کمپوست آزولا و سبوس برنج بر شاخص‌‌های رویشی و مورفوفیزیولوژیک سه رقم پتوس

7. Study on Fruitset and Pollen-Compatibility Status in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avuim L.) Cultivars