Plants and animals contain many steroid compounds that act as signaling mol-ecules during complicated growth and development processes. Mammal sex hor-mones (MSHs), such as progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone, are another class of steroids. These hormones play an important role in regulating the mammals' growth and reproduction processes as well as organic and inorganic metabolism. Steroid sex hormones, such as progesterone, beta-estradiol, and testosterone, support plant life processes including callus expansion, cytokinesis, root and shoot enlargement, and pollination in plants and have appropriate effects on handling abiotic stresses. An interesting impact of MSH is its capability in improving plant resistance to various abiotic stresses. MSH treatment extensively can reduce the adverse effects of environmental stress by promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT), and improving proline production.

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